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| nickname = | mascot = | athletics = | affiliations = 1994 Group | website = | logo = | footnotes = }} The University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) was a university based in the centre of the city of Manchester in England. It specialised in technical and scientific subjects and was a major centre for research. On 1 October 2004, it was subsumed by the Victoria University of Manchester (commonly called the University of Manchester) to form a new entity also called The University of Manchester. UMIST gained its Royal Charter in 1956 and became a fully autonomous university in 1993. Previously its degrees were awarded by the Victoria University of Manchester. The UMIST motto was ''Scientia et Labore'' (By Knowledge and Work). ==Mechanics' Institute (1824–1882)== The foundation of UMIST can be traced to 1824 during the Industrial Revolution when a group of Manchester businessmen and industrialists met in a public house, the ''Bridgewater Arms'', to establish the ''Mechanics' Institute in Manchester'', where artisans could learn basic science, particularly mechanics and chemistry.〔Kargon (1977) ''pp''20-24〕 Hundreds of such institutions were founded in towns and cities throughout the country and while many of the fine Victorian buildings built to house them remain, Manchester's alone survived as an independent institution serving some of its original educational aims throughout the 20th century.〔 The meeting, convened by George William Wood on 7 April 1824,〔〔 〕〔 〕 was attended by prominent members of the science and engineering community, including: * John Dalton, who became known as the ''father of atomic theory'' and became the Vice President of the Institute 1839-41〔〔Cardwell p80〕 * Robert Hyde Greg, a cotton mill owner who was soon to be elected a Member of Parliament〔 * Peter Ewart, a millwright and engineer〔 * Richard Roberts a machine tools inventor.〔 * David Bellhouse, a builder〔 * William Henry, a pioneer in the scientific chemical industry, discovered Henry's Law of solubility of gas in water〔 * William Fairbairn, a Scottish engineer associated with water wheels and the Britannia tubular bridge but above all with a scientific approach to engineering. He was elected first Secretary of the Mechanics' Institute〔 * Sir Benjamin Heywood, a prosperous banker, acted as President of the Mechanics' Institute for the period 1824–1841;〔 his son, Oliver subsequently became President.〔 A committee was elected to realise the planned institution, including Wood, Fairbairn, Heywood, Roberts and John Davies and the Institute opened in 1825 with Heywood as chairman.〔 However, the Institute's intentions were paternal and no democratic control by its students was intended. In 1829, radical Rowland Detrosier led a breakaway group to form the New Mechanics' Institution in Poole Street, a move that had a serious effect on the recruitment and finances of the original institute. Subscriptions and memberships in 1830-31 were an all-time low and only the gradual opening of the board up to election by the members rectified the situation. Detrosier's break-away ultimately rejoined the Institute.〔 By 1840, the Institute was established with 1,000 subscribers and a library of some 5,500 books. However, the increased popularity had been somewhat at the cost of science education, more and more lectures on non-scientific subjects were occupying its programmes.〔 The Institute occupied a building on Cooper Street (near the present St Peter's Square) and later moved to its present site on David Street (later renamed Princess Street). This still stands and is a Grade II * listed building. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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